Michael Porter regarded the selection of a defendable position within an industry as the end result of a competitive strategic analysis. He argued that successful, profitable companies generally choose to compete on either low costs or by differentiating their products to meet specific customer needs. Although these two strategic options are mutually exclusive,...

Firms that want to internationalise must decide on a fitting mode of entry into a foreign market in order to make the best use of their resources. Once an entry mode has been chosen, multinational organisations limit their tactical flexibility by developing skills and knowledge to support the chosen arrangement.  The entry mode selection...

Technology and technology management received little systematic attention in the formulation and implementation of firm policies until the 1980s. In 1985, two Harvard University Professors, Abernathy & Clark, challenged Schumpeter’s 1942 “creative destruction” view of innovation and argued that although technological innovation imposes...

The Canadian academic, Henry Mintzberg who had trained as a mechanical engineer, wrote his PhD thesis at the MIT Sloan School of Management analysing the actual work habits and time management of chief executive officers (CEOs). In 1973, Mintzberg's thesis on the nature of managerial work was adopted as a study and published for a wider audience. Mintzberg's...